This is a fitting analogy, because "fake news" can spread much like a virus (Kucharski, 2016; Vosoughi et al., 2018). It posits three forces that cause receivers to elaborate in one . N2 - High school students do not have a clear understanding of the role of IT professionals in society. One promising approach, derived from inoculation theory [13,14], is to prepare people for potential misinformation by exposing some of the logical fallacies inherent in misleading communications a priori. This is done by opposing the weaker versions of the same arguments. Summary . Communication yearbook 29. Not a new reading.) To address a gap in the literature regarding inoculation mechanisms, we used focus groups (Study 1) to allow participants to describe resistance processes following inoculation. A., & Pfau, M. (2005). The process of inoculation is similar to immunizing individuals by injecting a weakened dose of the virus to fight against future exposure to viruses (Lim and Ki, 2007). 310 Blazer Dining. Inoculation research assesses how people can become resistant to kimberly.a.parker@uky.edu. 310 Blazer Dining. Inoculation theory. The inoculation theory informs us how to strengthen our existing attitudes and beliefs, and resist attempts of persuasion. Inoculation theory (McGuire, 1961a, 1961b) represents one of the first systematic attempts to understand how individuals' attitudes can be made resistant to change. Frymier and Nadler (2013) noted that for cognitive dissonance to work effectively there are three necessary conditions: aversive consequences, freedom of choice, and insufficient external justification. The central principle of inoculation theory is that when individuals are presented with a weakened form of a persuasive attack against an existing attitude, they become inoculated against future attacks to that attitude. A three-phase experiment (N = 282) was conducted to examine the Theorist: William McGuire. The present essay will demonstrate the role of forewarning and inoculation in the process of resistance to persuasion. The core tenets of forewarning, inoculation and its theoretical basis will firstly be outlined (McGuire, 1961a). Similar to how a vaccine builds immunity to a pathogen by exposing our bodies to a weakened form of the pathogen, we can build immunity to misinformation by exposing our minds to a weakened form of misinformation. Yet, the utility of inoculation theory for communication campaigns may ultimately depend upon the effects inoculation messages have on individuals who are initially opposed or neutral regarding the topic. Inoculation theory of resistance to influence at maturity: Recent progress in theory development and application and suggestions for future research. Inoculation Theory Kimberly. Inoculation Theory was developed by social psychologist William J. McGuire in 1961 to explain more about how attitudes and beliefs change, and more important, how to keep original attitudes and beliefs consistent in the face of persuasion attempts. Attitude inoculation is the refusal of strong and persuasive arguments. eISBN: 9780191726828 Find at OUP.com Google Preview inoculation theory n. A theory of resistance to persuasion according to which most ordinary attitudes and beliefs are more or less resistant to . Attitude inoculation is the refusal of strong and persuasive arguments. T1 - A practitioner's guide to persuasion. 2013. Basically, instead . In fact, the earliest research on the theory in the 1960s involved health issues to build empirical support for tenets in the inoculation framework. Persuasion is studied in many disciplines. Anti-smoking campaigns targeted at teenagers are an example of this. This is done by opposing the weaker versions of the same arguments. is the approach with persuasion inoculation. 2. be understood and comprehended. and behavior. Benoit (1991). Inoculation Theory. Inoculation Theory AU - Stam, Kathryn R. AU - Guzman, Indira R. AU - Stanton, Jeffrey M. PY - 2009. Persuasion Resistance to persuasion has been a longstanding topic of interest among scholars studying social influence. Inoculation theory, a theory of conferring resistance to persuasive influence, has established efficacy as a messaging strategy in the health domain. along with techniques to resist the persuasion. Despite the prevalence and damaging effects of public speaking anxiety, inoculation strategies have yet to be used to help individuals remain calm before and during public speaking. Learning Theories Persuasion is really just a version of learning the desired response to persuasive efforts (often using conditioning and comprehension and incentives) A. Hovland's Learning Theory. "Inoculation theory of resistance to influence at maturity" (pages 97-105, 121-129). Inoculation theory The most well-known framework for conferring resistance against (malicious) persuasion is inoculation theory (McGuire, 1964; Compton, 2013). J Compton, M Pfau. 859-218-3746. The effective appeal is called inoculation. The inoculation theory was proposed by McGuire in response to a situation where the goal is to persuade someone not to be persuaded by another. Communication Yearbook, 29, 97-145. Inoculation theory is the perfect way to convince already faithful customers that they are making the right choice in trusting your company and to keep the customer coming back in the future. Persuasion or persuasion arts is an umbrella term of influence. Among the awards he has received . Inoculation theory boasts a dynamic history since McGuire first introduced it in the early 1960s. This study uses a theory from persuasion research, known as Attitude Inoculation Theory (AIT, McGuire, 1961), to help women who intend to breastfeed maintain their commitment to breastfeeding, even when they are exposed to arguments for the use of infant formula. T1 - RIP - The Use of Inoculation Theory and Online Social Networking for Enhancing Attractiveness of IT Occupations. . The theory […] T2 - An overview of 15 selected persuasion theories, models and frameworks. Yet, the utility of inoculation theory for communication campaigns may ultimately depend upon the effects inoculation messages have on individuals who are initially opposed or neutral regarding the topic. This tactic is entrenched in many forms of persuasion—from political campaigns to court trials to prevention messages in health campaigns. The concept has applications for dealing with political propaganda and is known as inoculation theory. "grandparent theory of resistance to persuasion": inoculation theory. "grandparent theory of resistance to persuasion": inoculation theory. 1.2 Inoculation Theory Inoculation theory is described as the "grandparent theory of resistance to attitude change" (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993 p. 561). J. P. Dillard and L. Shen, 220-36. Inoculation pertains to the idea that beliefs may be protected against persuasion during forced exposure to belief attack. International Journal of Communication 15, 1-13. doi:1932-8036/2021FEA0002 October 2, 2021 In Research Affect Emotions Inoculation theory Threat One company that did a great job of using this theory is Apple and their "Mac vs. PC" campaign. RIP-The use of inoculation theory and online social networking for enhancing attractiveness of IT occupations. Kathryn R. Stam, Indira R. Guzman, Jeffrey M. Stanton. Over the ensuing decades, scholars . persuasion (rhetoric) The addition of "rhetoric" distinguishes this subject heading from other meanings for "persuasion." attitude change Selected book title (s) Encyclopedia of communication theory by Stephen W. Littlejohn, Karen A. Foss, editors His main research interests concern social influence (persuasion and resistance) and message design, processing, and retention. c. reflectivity on the part of the receiver. Persuasion inoculation is modeled after medical inoculation: a weakened form of a challenge motivates resistance to stronger challenges encountered later. One-Sided Versus Two-Sided Messages: Both Sides Now . This is a fitting analogy, because "fake news" can spread much like a virus (Kucharski, 2016; Vosoughi et al., 2018). . In The SAGE handbook of persuasion: Developments in theory and practice, eds. While persuasion typically uses information, the emphasis in a persuasive message is on influencing the receiver (rather than merely providing information and letting the receiver make up his/her own mind). Persuasion, the conscious attempt to alter the attitudes or behaviors of another, plays a central role in politics. Considered the most consistent and reliable method for countering resistance to persuasion (Miller et al., 2013), Inoculation theory provides a powerful framework to measure the effect of messages intended to promote COVID-19 vaccine uptake. An inoculation message is a warning to not be taken in by certain communications from a different source that soon will be heard from. including cognitive and emotional persuasive appeals and attitude inoculation. Inoculation messages . The rationale of this pre-exposure is that by "inoculating" people in this manner, they will subsequently recognize flawed arguments and . Resources included. Inoculation theory offers a framework for protecting individuals against challenges to an existing attitude, belief, or state. AU - Cameron, Kenzie A. PY - 2009/3/1. inoculation theory to new domain, and at the same time, suggest a new strategic approach for candidates in political . . Inoculation theory is amoral—it explains what happens when people encounter persuasive attempts. II. Or, the process of supplying information to receivers before the communication process takes place in hopes that the information would make the receiver more resistant. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAgE Publications. 2013. In particular, a framework that specifies why counterar- In fact, the earliest research on the theory in the 1960s involved health issues to build empirical support for tenets in the inoculation framework. Specifically, create misinformation with active inoculation. Inoculation Theory continues to be studied today by communication, social psychology, and social science researchers. kimberly.a.parker@uky.edu. Inoculation Theory in itself is interesting. Persuasion attempts to change minds . We discuss the origins of inoculation theory, starting with its roots in the 1960s as a . In fact, the earliest research on the theory in the 1960s involved health issues to build empirical support for tenets in the inoculation framework. Clearly, there are many factors which influence the way in which attitudes are formed and how strongly-held they are. Subsequently, the inoculation theoretical system will be evaluated, in conjunction with existing evidence. How the Obama Campaign Effectively Used Persuasion to Defeat John McCain. One promising approach, derived from inoculation theory [13,14], is to prepare people for potential misinformation by exposing some of the logical fallacies inherent in misleading communications a priori. Inoculation Theory was developed by social psychologist William J. McGuire in 1961 to explain more about how attitudes and beliefs change, and more important, how to keep original attitudes and beliefs consistent in the face of persuasion attempts. A three-phase experiment (N = 282) was conducted to examine the The author reviews general approaches to resisting persuasion and introduces the inoculation approach. Inoculation theory, a theory of conferring resistance to persuasive influence, has established efficacy as a messaging strategy in the health domain. Ivanov's theoretical work focuses on the study of inoculation theory, images, and attitudes . Compton, J. All elements should fit the audience. The inoculation theory informs us how to strengthen our existing attitudes and beliefs, and resist attempts of persuasion. Theory predicts thatresistance to persuasion can be markedly increased by a process of inoculation; exposing the recipients to relatively weak arguments against an issue together with rebuttals that recipients are either presented with or think up for themselves. Threat and/in inoculation theory. Inoculation theory offers a logical basis for developing a psychological "vaccine" against misinformation. Inoculation theory, a theory of conferring resistance to persuasive influence, has established efficacy as a messaging strategy in the health domain. Inoculation theory is the perfect way to convince already faithful customers that they are making the right choice in trusting your company and to keep the customer coming back in the future. (Previously Covered. Inoculation theory of resistance to influence. Journal of Applied Communication Research 32 (4), 343-364. From the ancient Greeks to the present, persuasion has been viewed as an essential characteristic of a . inoculation messages can help promote resistance to counterattitudinal attacks. 162. Use of inoculation to foster resistance to credit card marketing targeting college students. This divi-sion, led by the social psychologist, Carl Hovland, was tasked specifically with His main research interests concern social influence (persuasion and resistance) and message design, processing, and retention. Pryor & Steinfatt (1978). 859-218-3746. The last decade, in particular, has been a period of explosive growth for inoculation. Using biological inoculation as a metaphor, inoculation theory During World War II, the United States War Department had an experimental research branch in a unit called the "Department of Information and Education". In fact, the earliest research on the theory in the 1960s involved health issues to build empirical support for tenets in the inoculation framework. The goal of persuasion is to induce enough dissonance in listeners that they will change their attitudes, values, beliefs, or behaviors. The Second Edition of The SAGE Handbook of Persuasion: Developments in Theory and Practice provides readers with logical, comprehensive summaries of research in a wide range of areas related to persuasion. Inoculation Theory: Of Needles and Arguments . Inoculation Theory Kimberly. Abstract. Inoculation theory, a theory of conferring resistance to persuasive influence, has established efficacy as a messaging strategy in the health domain. 1. attract attention. he wrote a survey of the literature of persuasion as an 80,000-word chapter of the . inoculation theory Quick Reference A theory of resistance to persuasion according to which most ordinary attitudes and beliefs are more or less resistant to change through having been exposed to repeated mild attacks. Inoculation theory posits that individuals could be inoculated to resist attitudinal change resulting from influence attempts (Compton and Pfau, 2005). After Michael Pfau and I offered what was, prior to this chapter, the most compre- hensive narrative review of inoculation scholarship, we concluded that inoculation, while a mature theory, was "far from retiring." We predicted prodigious theory development and application, and as this review will show, this happened and is happening. Compton, J. Inoculation theory A vaccine introduces a weak form of a virus that can easily be defeated to prepare the immune system should it . Outline how persuasion is determined by the choice of effective communicators and effective messages. In addition, they determined the boomerang effect to be a unique theory of persuasion in which the communication efforts result in goal opposites (Woodard et al., 2013, p. 144). This divi-sion, led by the social psychologist, Carl Hovland, was tasked specifically with We will discuss two theories—self-perception theory . During World War II, the United States War Department had an experimental research branch in a unit called the "Department of Information and Education". The rationale of this pre-exposure is that by "inoculating" people in this manner, they will subsequently recognize flawed arguments and . It depends on: 1. issuing a warning, 2. mounting a weak attack, 3. presenting an active defence. . From a topical standpoint, this handbook takes an interdisciplinary approach, covering issues that will be of interest to interpersonal and mass communication researchers as well as to . School of Information Studies; . Y1 - 2009/3/1. may 10th, 2018 - start studying persuasion final quiz questions learn vocabulary terms and more with flashcards games and other study tools''Inoculation theory Wikipedia May 12th, 2018 - Inoculation theory was developed by social psychologist William J McGuire in 1961 to explain how attitudes and beliefs change and more importantly how to keep existing attitudes and beliefs consistent in the . A persuasion inoculation is made with weakened versions of the anticipated persuasive challenges. Research studies suggest theories such as the SMCR model, Ranks theory and inoculation theory are effective models of persuasion. Persuasion can attempt to influence a person's beliefs, attitudes, intentions, motivations, or behaviors. Research has offered a more nuanced understanding of how inoculation confers resistance, exploring precise workings of inoculation's core concepts of threat and coun-terarguing in conjunction with concepts . Inoculation theory in the "The effects of initial belief level on inoculation theory and its . Defensive reactions to health-promoting information: An overview and implications for future . De- fense by avoidance, although highly effective for belief maintenance, has the disadvantage of leaving the individ- Access to the complete content on Oxford Reference requires a subscription or purchase. and attitude change using inoculation as a method of persuasion. Persuasion theory intro [101] Persuasion is a process by which people use messages to influence others. McGuire's inoculation theory and his supporting program of empirical research have illuminated a number of significant determinants of resistance to persuasion, the theory is ex-plicitly limited in demonstration to "cultural truisms.11 These are beliefs "that have been maintained in a 'germ It proposes five avenues for future investigations of threat and/in inoculation theory in the continuing study of persuasion. Forewarning: You'd Better Watch Out . Inoculation theory—"the grandparent theory of resistance to attitude change" (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993, p. 561)—is . The elaboration-likelihood model proposed by Richard E. Petty and John T. Cacioppo in 1986 is an example of self-persuasion theory. Y1 - 2009. . INOCULATION THEORY: MOTIVATION MECHANISM VS -ATTACK CREDIBILITY AS MEDIATORS OF RESISTANCE TO PERSUASION PETER F. CRANIS B.A., University of Central Florida, 1984 Submitted for the THESIS in partial fulfillment or cne requirements Master of Arts degree in Communication in the Graduate Studies Program f At the core of inoculation theory (McGuire, 1961a,b) is a biological metaphor.McGuire suggested that attitudes could be inoculated against persuasive attacks in much the same way that one's immune system can be inoculated against viral attacks.In medical immunization, weakened forms of viruses are injected into the body, and the body then reacts . Parker. Parker. Thus, inoculation theory may be more descriptive than explanatory. In this episode, we considered ways to inocu… (2021). "Two tests of the mechanism of inoculation theory." Southern Communication Journal. van't Riet, Jonathan, and Rob A. Ruiter. We'll survey some of the ethical dimensions of inoculation in practice. Compton, Josh, Sander van der Linden, John Cook, and Melisa basol. 2021. Inoculation Theory continues to be studied today by communication, social psychology, and social science researchers. The campaign focused in part on self-interest, trying to reach voters who were feeling the pinch of high gas prices. Results: The theories are categorized as message effects models, attitude-behavior approaches, cognitive processing theories and models, consistency theories, inoculation theory, and functional approaches. Pdf available here. sistance to persuasion has been inoculation theory as formulated by McGuire [6]. Furthermore, the author's initial experiments on inoculation theory are presented and discussed. It doesn't explain what should happen. In his initial articulation of the theory, McGuire (1961a, 1961b) discussed research on the effectiveness (in creating resistant attitudes) of two-sided messages—with both counterarguments and Inoculation theory is a social psychological / communication theory that explains how an attitude or belief can be protected against persuasion or influence in much the same way a body can be protected against disease-for example, through pre-exposure to weakened versions of a stronger, future threat. In fact, the earliest research on the theory in the 1960s involved health issues to build empirical support for tenets in the inoculation framework. Inoculation theory is a framework from social psychology that posits that it is possible to pre-emptively confer psychological resistance against (malicious) persuasion attempts (Compton, 2013; McGuire & Papageorgis, 1961). Protect yourself from misinformation with inoculation theory. inoculation theory This is a keyword search in the online catalog. The book features essays from renowned international experts in the fields of sport and exercise psychology and communication, each of which uses powerful insights from inoculation theory and other models of persuasion to discover new ways of encouraging people to increase their levels of physical activity and improve their experiences in . inoculation theory, the researchers also tested the effect of a brief (forewarning) . We discuss the origins of inoculation theory, starting with its roots in the 1960s as a . His text with John S. Seiter, Persuasion: Social Influence and Compliance Gaining, is the best-selling persuasion text in the field of communication studies. We describe our current efforts to create online communities of potential . Inoculation theory, a theory of conferring resistance to persuasive influence, has established efficacy as a messaging strategy in the health domain. Ivanov's theoretical work focuses on the study of inoculation theory, images, and attitudes . Explanation of Theory: Inoculation theory states that inoculation is used to describe the attribution of greater resistance to individuals. Most of my work of late focuses on the theory itself—how it works, why it works, and whether it might work better. Inoculation Theory is a social psychology and communication theory that employs medical inoculation as an explanatory analogy as inoculation theory is a model for building resistance to persuasion attempts through pre-exposure to weaker counter-arguments. J Compton. While inoculation theory accurately describes much empirical evidence regarding the effects of two-sided persuasion, the theory does not address the causal mechanism underlying these effects. Associate Professor; . Objective: To provide a brief overview of 15 selected persuasion theories and models, and to present examples of their use in health communication research. It was first discussed by Richard . These challenges are weakened to the degree that they are strong enough to N2 - Objective: To provide a brief overview of 15 selected persuasion theories and models, and to present examples of their use in health communication research. The theory is a model for building resistance to persuasion attempts by exposing people to arguments against their beliefs and giving them counter arguments to refute attacks. This theory uses an analogy of the body¿½s immunization against certain viruses, where administration of small doses of the virus helps a body to build up defense. Thankfully, science has found a solution: inoculation theory. Much like how a real vaccine is a weakened version of a particular pathogen, a cognitive inoculation is a weakened version of an argument that is subsequently refuted, We aimed to test the effectiveness of an inoculation message for reducing the onset of . While having some roots in the selective exposure hypothesis, inoculation theory can be treated independently of this premise [12]. The theory […] . The SAGE handbook of persuasion: Developments in theory and practice 2, 220-237. , 2013. The book features essays from renowned international experts in the fields of sport and exercise psychology and communication, each of which uses powerful insights from inoculation theory and other models of persuasion to discover new ways of encouraging people to increase their levels of physical activity and improve their experiences in . Inoculation theory is a framework from social psychology that posits that it is possible to pre-emptively confer psychological resistance against (malicious) persuasion attempts (Compton, 2013; McGuire & Papageorgis, 1961). The central route to persuasion is a method of convincing others to take an action or make a decision based on facts and evidence of the merits of the outcome. inoculation messages can help promote resistance to counterattitudinal attacks. One company that did a great job of using this theory is Apple and their "Mac vs. PC" campaign. Inoculation theory offers a logical basis for developing a psychological "vaccine" against misinformation. Associate Professor; . Over the ensuing decades, scholars Theory boasts a dynamic history since McGuire first introduced it in the online catalog of same... Of conferring resistance to persuasion 80,000-word chapter of the same inoculation theory persuasion and social science.. 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